Differential mechanism.



Patented June 2, 1914;.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1,

H. E. BAYLY.

DIFFERENTIAL MECHANISM.

APPLl OATION FILED NOV. 11, 1913.

Patented June 2:, 19M.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2,

H. E. BAYLY.

DIFFERENTIAL MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.11, 1913.

Patented June 2, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

i i M6 2o n construction, strong and durable, and

HARRY E. BAYILY, U1? INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

DIFFERENTIAL MEJHANISM.

Specification of letters Patent.

ratentea une 2, 1914.

Application filed November 11, 1913. Serial No. 800,275.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY E. Barns, a citirien of the United States, residing at Indianapolis, in the county of Marion and fitate of Tndiana, have invented certain new and .useful improvements in Difi erential Mechanism, of which the following is .a' specification.

This invention relates to differential mechanisms which are particularly adaptable for use in connection with the rear axles of motor cars; and the object of the invention consists in the provision of a difi'erential mechanism of the above character by which a difierence in movement can simultaneously be secured between the two sections comprising the rear side of a motor car.

A further object of the invention consists in the provision of a difl erential mechanism of the above character which will be simple efficient in operation, and whereby the use ofgear-wheels is dispensed with.

bill

T accomplish the above objects of the inmention by means of the differential mecha .nism illustrated in the accompanying drawwith partial spherical recesses 31 correings, forming apart thereof, in which- Figure l is a top or plan 'view of my difiter Fig. 2 is an enlarged 1 ential mechanism. view thereof, in which the .movable head and shaft sections, or axles, are shown in elevation, the housing being shown in sec I tion. Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 ex nept that the-movable head and shaft sections are shown as occupyinga changed position from that shown in Fig. v2. Fig. f is a longitudinal sectional view through .the housing, on a still further enlarged scale, showing the movable head and shaft sections in elevation, on the line iel: in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 2 except that the movable head is shown in section. Fig. 6 is a cross section on a line 66 in Fig. 5. Fig, 7 is an enlarged detail view in side elevation of hearings or journal bones located within the movable head. Fig.

2 is :a fragmentary detail perspective view of a portion of the ear wheel, showing the manner in which tie transverse guide pin is anchored within said gear wheel. Fig. 9

is a modified construction of the journal- :bones. Fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of the movable head, showing one of the journal-bones in section and the otherjournal box in elevation. Fig. 11 is a top or :plan view of one of the journal-bones are provided with suitable balls 28.

, jacent ends of the shafts 20a-nd 21 terminate in suitable crank-members 26 and 2.7 which members provide shoulders which abut against the adjacent sides of the housing A and prevent longitudinal movement of the shafts .29 and .21 in a direction away from each other, that is to say, the shafts 20 and 2.1.are prevented from being separated lon .gitudinally. The crank-members 26 and 27 The adjacent ends of the shafts 20and 21, which carry the crank-members 26 and 27 and the balls 28, are connected. together by means of suitable ournal bones. These journalboxes each comprise two members 30 which have similar formation and are provided sponding to the exterior formation of the balls 28 and are adapted to receive and retain said balls. The journal-boxes, above noted, are mounted within a hollow head 35. As the head is susceptible-of movement to accommodate a difi'erence in movetnent of the shafts 20 and 21, caused by the crank formation 26 and 27, certain means is provided to confine the movement of said head within prescribed limits, and this is accomplished by means of a pin 36 which passes transversely through the head, which pin is anchored in the driving pinion 40. The pin 36 is round in cross section to allow the head to oscillate thereon, and the ends of the pin 36 are squared as at 3'1", and these squared ends are adapted to engage correspondingly shaped notches 38 in the driving pinion 40. See Fig. 8.

The housing A comprises two similarly shaped members 42 and t3 between the meeting edges of which the pinion 40 is clamped and retaincdby means of a p111 rality of bolts 45. "When the parts are assembled the members 42 and 43 of the housing and the pinion 40 present one solid unitary structure. As shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, the pinion i0 meshes with the pinion i6, and through the latter power is the head 35,'said head with the journal-boxes and associated shafts 20 and'2l are also forced to rotate, the entire structure for all intent and purpose at this time rotating in unison and at the same rate of speed. However, when one of the traction wheels on the outer ends of the shaft members 20 and 21 is forced through a greater are of travel than the traction wheel on the end of the other shaft member, there must he provided compensatory mechanism to compensate for the difl'erenc'e oftravel of one traction wheel over that of the other. This is the purpose of a diiferential mechanism and is accomplished through the ball and socket connections between the head and balls 28 on the crank-members 26 and 27. Then the traction wheels are moving through different arcs of a circle, the traction wheel nearest the center of the circle will be traveling at a slightly reduced speed from the rate of speed during its straight-a-way travel, while the traction wheel more remotely removed from the center of the circle will travel slightly in excess of its rate speed during its straight-a-way travel. As the traction wheels are moving in their respective arcs of travel'there will be a slight and varied movement of travel of the shafts 20 and 21 about their longitudinal axes so that the positions of the balls 28 and crankmembers 26 and 27 are changed as compared with their former. positions with respect to said casing A. Fig. 3 of the drawings illustrates the changed position of the crank members 26 and 27 from the position previously occupied and shown in Fig. 2. 'Fig. 3 also shows the changed position of the head 35 on the pin 36, allowing the crank-members 26 and 27 to assume the position shown in Fig. 3. When the parts occupy the positions shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, it will be noted that the distance between the center of the pin 36 and the centers of the balls 28 is less than the distance between these two points when the parts are in changed position as illustrated in Fig. 3. This increase in the distance between the center of the 1 in 36 and balls 28, when the 30, which have longitudinal movement within the head 35. As shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings the two members forming one of the journal-boxes 30 are circular in cross section and to prevent their rotation within the head 35 when the latter oscillates on the pin 36 I provide a squared collar 50. This collar is to move longitudinally'upon the pin 36, and the exterior squared formation of said collar is adapted to engage correspondingly shaped recesses 51 in the adj acent ends of the members forming the journal-boxes 30. While the journal-boxes have slight longitudinal movement within the head 35 this movement is not sufiicient to cause said boxes 30 to be disengaged from the flat sides of the collar 50.

In examining Fig. 5 it will be noted that when the shafts 20 and 21 are moved so as to occupy the position shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings, the position of the head on the pin 36 will also be changed intwo ways; first, its position as shown in Fig. 3, around the pin 36, and, second, its longitudinal position on the pin 36, as shown by means of the dotted lines in Fig. 4;. Thus it will be seen that the head 35 has two movements, namely, a rocking movement concentrically about the pin 36 and a longitudinal movement along said pin 36. These movements of the head 35 permits the crank ends of the shafts 20 and 21 to movethrough thc necessary compensating positions to allow the necessary variation in the movements of the traction wheels when traveling through arcs of different radii.

In Figs. 9, 10 and 111 have shown a modified construction of the journal-boxes. in this instance, I have shown an octagonal shaped box instead of a round box, as has heretofore been described, so that the squared collar 50 may be dispensed with. The squared exterior sides of the boxes 30 in the modified construction will prevent movement of rotation of said boxes within It Wlll be seen that I am not the head 35. limited to an octagonal shaped journal-box, but that any ournal-box having an exterior formation other than a true circle will prevent same from rotating independently of the movable head. In the modified construction, I have shown a plate 52 which extends longitudinally through the movable head 35 and rests upon the exterior surface of the journal-boxes 30. The plate 52 is held into contact with the exterior surfaces of the boxes 30 by means of the set-screws 53, so that any appreciable wear can readil be taken up. 7

It may also 8 stated that while the device is shown without an outer dust proof casing for protecting the parts against dust,

as is generally done in motor car construction, desire to have it understood that in practice the entire structure herein illustrated will be inclosed in a dust proof casing.

between the adjacent crank-members, mov-,

able journal-boxes arranged in said movable member adapted to make a working engagement with said balls, and means for holding said movable member in operative position. 2. A difi'erentlal mechanism comprisin a pair of oppositely disposed alined ax es,

said axles having crank-members formed thereon and said crank-members having balls thereon, means for supporting said axles, means to prevent said axles from moving longitudinally, journalboxes adapted to make a working engagement with said balls, means for holding said journal-boxes in operative relation, and a pin passing transversely through and'holding said last mentioned means within prescribed limits.

3. A differential mechanism comprising a pair of oppositely disposed alined axles, said axles having crank-members formed thereon and said crank-members having halls thereon, means for supporting, said axles in operative relation, means to prevent said axles from moving longitudinally,

"our-nal-boxes arran ed to make a worlnn engagement with said balls, said journalboxes provided in their rear ends with notches, means arranged to engage said notches to prevent independent rotation of.

said jonrnal boxes within the supporting head, a supporting head for holding said journal-boxes, and means passing transversely through said head to mamtain a Working relation between said head and balls.

l. A differential mechanism comprising a (pair of oppositely disposed" alined axles,

said axles having crank-members 'formed thereon and said crank-members having balls thereon, means for supporting said axles in operative relation, means to prevent longitudinal movement of said axles, journal-boxes arranged to make a working engagement with said balls, a movable head for mounting and holding said boxes in operative relation with said balls, means for taking up the wear between said journalboxes and movable head, and means for supporting said head in operative relation with said Journal-boxes.

5. A diflerential mechanism comprising a pair of oppositely disposed alined axles,

said axles having crank-members formed thereon and said crank-members having balls thereon, a driving member, means for supporting said axles in o erative relation and for mounting said riving member, means for rigidly securing said driving member and axle-supporting means together, journal-boxes arranged to make a WOIkiIlg' engagement with the balls on said crank-members, a movable head for mounting and holding said boxes in operative relation, and means suitably anchored within the driving means and extending transversely through and confining the movement of said head within prescribed limits.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal at Indianapolis, Indiana, this 31st day of October, A. D. one thousand nine hundred and thirteen.

F. W. Wonnimn, L. B. \VonRNnn. 

